Nursing Bulletin: Winter 2024

Introducing key papers and publications that focus mainly on the latest news and issues in the nursing profession.

The British Journal of Nursing, Nursing Times, British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, Journal of Perioperative Practice and the British Journal of Midwifery are all either available in print within the library or online via your OpenAthens username and password.

Please click on the links below and enter your OpenAthens username and password to download the full text or contact the library at esth.hirsonlibrary@nhs.net to request the full text.

Pre-assessment judgement framework for judging nursing students’ performance in clinical placements: a qualitative case study
Abstract: This study aims to better understand and articulate the pre-assessment judgement processes commonly used by experienced clinical facilitators when assessing nursing students undertaking clinical placement. In the Australian context, clinical facilitators are registered nurses who primarily educate, monitor, support and assess groups of nursing students on clinical placements without carrying a patient load.
Source: Simes T. Nurse Education in Practice 2023; 73: 103743

NHS England long-term workforce plan: Can this deliver the workforce transformation so urgently needed or is it just more rhetoric?
Abstract: An effective workforce plan requires collaboration between policymakers, healthcare providers, education institutions, professional bodies and stakeholders as well as drawing on available data and evidence to inform implementation. However, it is entirely dependent on urgent action and investment to be successful. What the plan fails to explain is how this will be achieved with a depleted workforce who are struggling to deliver high-quality care and with morale at an all-time low.
Source: Twycross A. Evidence-Based Nursing 2023; 26(4): 125-127

Perceived organisation support would buffer the impact of work frustration on burn-out among intensive care unit nurses
Abstract: Providing intensive care unit (ICU) nurses with organisational supports by showcasing that the organisation cares about their well-being, gives importance to their opinions, is proud of their achievements will decrease their work frustration.
Future research and auditing of programmes and events to monitor organisational support to ICU nurses in reduction of work frustration and burn-out. Such monitoring systems could translate into better patient outcome.
Source: Saravanabavan L. Evidence-Based Nursing 2023; 26(4): 142

How to be an authentic leader, 1. Understanding authentic leadership
Abstract: Strong leaders with an approach that supports, empowers and inspires staff are vital to the delivery of quality care and services for patients and service users. Over the next few months, the British Journal of Healthcare Assistants will be looking at several leadership styles and how these can impact on patients, staff and health and social care.
Source: Thomas V. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 2023; 17(10): 361-395

How to be an authentic leader, 2. Understanding ethical leadership
Abstract: Ethical leadership has been studied widely due to the increased high-profile moral failure among organisations and leaders. This article focuses on ethical leadership, the definitions, characteristics and how one can be an ethical leader within the workplace. The reader will have the opportunity to reflect on their own personal traits in relation to the qualities and traits identified in this article to help identify any specific gaps and determine how best to develop as an ethical leader.
Source: Thomas. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 2024; 18(1): 005-036

Making the most of libraries, part 1: libraries for healthcare assistants and nursing support workers
Abstract: This new regular series will explore what libraries can do for healthcare assistants and nursing support workers. This first article will explore the range of libraries available and the services they offer for healthcare assistants and nursing staff, both remotely (through the internet) and in the library as a physical place.
Source: Lynch C. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 2023; 17(11): 424–425

Making the most of libraries, part 2: finding information
Abstract: Knowing how to find and navigate the wealth of health information available is an important skill for healthcare assistants and nursing staff to have. The difficulty often lies in knowing where to search to find the information. This article will explore effective ways to find trustworthy healthcare information and introduce the use of library search tools and bibliographic databases to find research and evidence and will explain where to find healthcare guidelines relevant to your practice.
Source: Shipway, A. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 2024; 18(1): 020-021

Support for culturally and linguistically diverse mental health and learning disability student nurses
Abstract: This article explores the challenges faced by international mental health and learning disability student nurses studying in the UK and provides guidelines to address some of the issues raised. The article proposes practical interventions and pedagogical innovations to support culturally and linguistically diverse students in their nursing studies, aiming to enhance their academic success and transition into the nursing workforce.
Source: Wagstaff C. British Journal of Mental Health Nursing 2023; 12(4): 1–8

Effectiveness appraisal of interventions to increase retention of newly qualified nurses implemented in the final year of pre-registration programmes: a literature review
Abstract: This study aimed to understand the effectiveness of interventions to increase retention of early career nurses, implemented during the pre-registration programme. Retention of nurses is an issue of global concern. The transition period spanning the final year of pre-registration nurse education programmes and the first year of qualified practice is a point of high risk for attrition from the profession.
Source: Brook J. Nurse Education in Practice 2023; 74: 103851

Leadership practices that enable healthful cultures in clinical practice: A realist evaluation
Abstract: Aim: To generate, test and refine programme theories that emerged from a rapid realist review investigating practising UK Nurses' and Midwives' experiences of effective leadership strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Background: The realist review of literature generated six tentative theories of healthful leadership practices reflecting, working with people's beliefs and values; being facilitative; multiple means of communication and; practical support. The review yielded little insight into the actual impact of the leadership approaches advocated.
Methods: A realist study, informed by person-centredness using mixed-methods. Online survey (n = 328) and semi-structured interviews (n = 14) of nurses and midwives across the UK in different career positions/specialities. Quantitative data analysed using descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis. Framework analysis for qualitative data using context (C), mechanism (M), outcome (O) configurations of the tentative theories.
Results: Three refined theories were identified concerning: Visibility and availability; embodying values and; knowing self. Healthful leadership practices are only achievable within organisational cultures that privilege well-being.
Conclusions: Leaders should intentionally adopt practices that promote well-being. ‘Knowing self’ as a leader, coaching and mentoring practice development is important for leadership development.
Implications for Clinical Practice: Nurses who feel valued, heard, cared for and safe are more likely to remain in clinical practice. Job satisfaction and being motivated to practice with confidence and competence will impact positively on patient outcomes.
Impact: The study addresses the role of leadership in developing healthful workplace cultures. The main findings were six leadership practices that promote healthful cultures. The research will have an impact on strategic and clinical leaders, nurses and midwives.
Reporting Method: This study used EQUATOR checklist, RAMASES II as reporting standards for realist evaluations.
Source: Dickson, C A W. Journal of Clinical Nursing, Dec 2023

Understanding strategies that foster nurses to act as clinical leaders in hospitals: A realist review
Abstract: Aim: To identify strategies that develop clinical nursing leadership competencies among staff nurses, and to explain the contextual elements and mechanisms that underpin the development of clinical nursing leadership competencies.
Design: Realist review according to the Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses—Evolving Standards (RAMESES).
Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, PsycInfo and ProQuest were searched from January 2000 until October 2022.
Review Methods: Three iterative phases: (1) development of initial programme theory, (2) structured searches for relevant published and grey literature and (3) data synthesis and interpretation by researchers and theory triangulation, and discussions within the research group.
Results: Multiple context–mechanism–outcome configurations were extracted from 10 reports that explain how, under what circumstances and why strategies can facilitate (or discourage) staff nurses to act as clinical leaders. Reports were both quantitative and qualitative in design, originating from English-speaking countries only.
Conclusions: A logic model was developed and suggests four contexts and five mechanisms underlying the development of clinical nursing leadership. Growth in clinical nursing leadership was mainly experienced through experiential learning, which was enhanced by a supportive relationship with a coach or mentor, the use of reflective practices and modelling from other leaders. Furthermore, a supportive work environment triggers ownership, confidence and motivation, and thereby growth in clinical nursing leadership competencies.
Impact: Fostering competencies for clinical leadership among staff nurses requires multifaceted strategies. Strategies are successful if, and only if, they combine learning by doing, by knowing and by observing, and establish a responsive work environment. Hospital policy should ensure that staff nurses have access to reciprocal relationships with role models or a coach. In order to grow as clinical nurse leader, ownership and self-reflection on own leadership behaviour need to be facilitated.
Source: Duprez, V. Journal of Advanced Nursing, Oct 2023

Evaluating psychometric properties of three mentoring scales among nurses and midwives in hospital settings: A methodological study
Abstract: Background: Scales used to evaluate nurses’ perspectives of mentoring programmes are mainly designed in developed countries, making them unsuitable for nurses and midwives working in resource-poor developing countries.
Aim: To explore the psychometric properties of the perceived cost of mentoring (PCM) scale, negative mentoring experiences (NME) scale and relational mentoring index (RMI) for adaptation in hospital settings in Uganda.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. In total, 303 hospital nurses/midwives in Ugandan participated in the study to evaluate the psychometric properties of the three mentoring scales.
Results: Revisions based on word choice were made in adapting the scales to the Ugandan context. The PCM showed three factors (risk to reputation, mentoring effort and nepotism) and had an intra-class correlation (ICC) of 0.609 (95% CI, 0.324–0.793) and Cronbach's alpha of 0.705. The NME scale had two factors (lack of mentor expertise and mismatch between the dyad) consistent with the original scale with an ICC of 0.568 (95% CI, 0.271–0.767) and Cronbach's alpha of 0.841. The RMI showed two factors (individual influence and relational quality) with an ICC of 0.664 (95% CI, 0.410–0.824) and Cronbach's alpha of 0.933.
Conclusions: The initial psychometric assessment indicates satisfactory validity and reliability of the scales for implementation among nurses and midwives within Ugandan hospital contexts. Subsequent research is warranted to validate the factor structures of the scales on a different sample.
Implications for nursing and health policy: In using mentoring programmes to develop the hospital workforce, nurse and midwifery policymakers need to use culturally adapted and validated PCM, NME, and RMI scales to evaluate the quality of these mentoring programmes to maximise the benefits while avoiding unintended consequences.
Source: Kakyo, T A. International Nursing Review, Oct 2023

Characteristics and effectiveness of mentoring programmes for specialized and advanced practice nurses: A systematic review
Abstract: Aims: (1) To identify, evaluate and summarize evidence about the objectives and characteristics of mentoring programmes for specialized nurses (SNs) or nurse navigators (NNs) and advanced practice nurses (APNs) and (2) to identify the effectiveness of these programmes.
Design: A systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines.
Data Sources: From November 2022 until 7 December 2022, four databases were searched: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and The Cochrane Library.
Review Methods: Study selection was performed independently by two researchers. Disagreements were discussed until consensus was reached. Data extraction was undertaken for included studies. Data synthesis was conducted using narrative analysis. Quality appraisal was performed using the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP) and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).
Results: Twelve articles were included, all of which focused on mentoring programmes for APNs. Different forms of mentorship (e.g. (in)formal mentorship, work shadowing, workshops) were reported. Studies reported positive outcomes on job retention (n = 5), job satisfaction (n = 6), skills improvement (n = 7), satisfaction with the programme (n = 7) and confidence improvement (n = 4) among participants of mentoring programmes.
Conclusion: There is a lack of uniformity and consistency in various elements of mentoring programmes. Further research is needed to develop mentoring programmes for both APNs and SNs/NNs in a systematic and theoretically underpinned manner. It is necessary to establish a thorough evaluation methodology, preferably using a mixed methods design that includes both a qualitative process evaluation and a comprehensive outcome evaluation using validated questionnaires, taking into account the NN/APN, the interprofessional team and organizational level.
Impact: The synthesis of evidence may be useful to organizations developing and implementing mentoring programmes for both SN/NN and APN. The development of a mentoring programme for nursing experts should be considered a complex intervention that requires theoretical frameworks and contextual considerations.
Source: Vlerick, I. Journal of Advanced Nursing, Dec 2023

The nurse faculty role: A lived experience of mentoring nurses while coping with anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract: Background: Providing patient care and nurse education in today's healthcare environment is high-stress, often resulting in high-anxiety among both nurses and nurse educators. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurse faculty is largely unexplored.
Aims: The aim was to share the experience of living and work working with anxiety in the nurse faculty role during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials & Methods: This is a lived experience narrative of one nurse faculty member.
Results: Through daily purposeful self-motivation and reflection, yoga, and brief out-door respites, the author was able to strengthen professional identity, to see value in her work and to activate the personal resource of hope (Nursing Management, 52, 2021, 56; Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 93, 2020, 187).
Discussion: ‘Nursing faculty are essential to the profession’ and likely experienced ‘emotional exhaustion’ during the pandemic (Nursing Education Perspectives, 42, 2021, 8) in their efforts to buoy students. It needs to be acknowledged that nursing faculty can experience anxiety, secondary trauma (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 2020, 8358) and compassion fatigue, through listening to students’ experiences and offering reinforcement during chaotic times.
Conclusion: Little is known about what nursing faculty experienced as they attempted to support students (Nursing Education Perspectives, 42, 2021, 285). It is hoped that by sharing this lived experience, nurses and nurse faculty will understand how employing hope as a personal resource and re-engaging with their professional identity will help them cope with the significant stresses that future healthcare pandemics or disasters may bring.
Source: Orth, S J. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing; Aug 2023

Nurses' experiences and perspectives regarding evidence-based practice implementation in healthcare context: A qualitative study
Abstract: Aim: To explore nurses' experiences and perspectives about evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation in the healthcare context.
Design: A qualitative descriptive study design using focus group discussions (FGDs).
Method: Sixty-four nurses who purposefully selected and worked at various healthcare organizations in Bisha Governorate, Saudi Arabia, were included. Eight FGDs were used to obtain data using open-ended questions. The collected data underwent inductive qualitative content analysis.
Results: Two main categories were extracted: experiences and perspectives towards EBP. The experiences category emerged into four sub-categories: familiarity with concepts and benefits, steps, dissemination sources of EBP and sources of EBP knowledge, while perspectives towards the EBP category included four sub-categories: application of EBP in clinical practice, barriers, facilitators and EBP application methods. The participants experienced being in a non-supportive and non-encouraging atmosphere which results from a lack of organizational commitment to EBP implementation and illuminates the complexities involved in the integration process.
Conclusion: The nurses' experience with EBP indicated that there was limited support for the implementation of this approach. Furthermore, they experienced varying barriers to EBP implementation. They viewed EBP as a complex technique as they lacked knowledge and skills related to the formulation of research questions, and retrieving, applying and disseminating of EBP in clinical practice decision-making. That is due to barriers pertinent to the individual, organizational and patient factors. The key to successfully implementing an EBP in nursing practice is to promote professional development, comprehensive and continuous training, a culture of change, organizational support and motivation.
Clinical Relevance: Through the construction and provision of ongoing educational interventions and mentoring programmes about EBP, healthcare organizations and nursing leadership may develop a comprehensive strategy to encourage staff nurses' participation in the EBP process. This is to enhance nurses' experiences and perspectives towards the EBP approach and overcome the barriers to effective implementation.
Source: Mohamed, R A. Nursing Open; Jan 2024

Nursing Bulletin: Autumn 2023

Introducing key papers and publications that focus mainly on the latest news and issues in the nursing profession.

The British Journal of Nursing, Nursing Times, British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, Journal of Perioperative Practice and the British Journal of Midwifery are all either available in print within the library or online via your OpenAthens username and password.

Please click on the links below and enter your OpenAthens username and password to download the full text or contact the library at esth.hirsonlibrary@nhs.net to request the full text.

The role of simulation in delivering a modern workforce
Abstract: The NHS workforce in England faces unprecedented challenges in 2023, including dealing with the backlog of both physical and mental health care caused by the pandemic and the need to create a system of health and care that tackles both health inequalities and other weaknesses. The NHS People Plan 2020/21 was established to outline several priorities and to accommodate the health needs of an ever-changing demographic.
Source: Mitchell A. British Journal of Nursing 2023; 32(8):390-392

Gender Pay Gap Report 2022
Abstract: A report outlining the statistics of the gender pay gap at the Royal College of Nursing, 2022.
Source: Royal College of Nursing (RCN); 2023 [Freely available online]

Mental health nursing: a profession that must be valued (English)
Abstract: Mental health nursing is an extremely diverse field, but a stigma remains around severe and enduring mental ill-health. This, combined with a lack of investment in inpatient services, has contributed to inequalities within mental health service provision. This paper presents a range of recommendations for the Welsh government to improve mental health service provision through investment in education, improved career pathways, workforce planning, and more.
Source: Royal College of Nursing (RCN); 2023 [Freely available online]

Learning the rules of the game: how health and social care students learn to learn
Abstract: Practice placements are essential to pre-registration nurses, midwives and allied health professionals, providing theoretical underpinning and developing professional identity. Professional bodies clearly stipulate the amount of practice required. For example, in the UK, it is 50% of the pre-registered nursing programme (Health and Care Professions Council, 2018; Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2018; Social Work England, 2021).
Source: Knight KH. British Journal of Nursing 2023; 32(9):404-406

Supporting international recruits
Abstract: Having recently joined the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) in my new role, I am confident that all the discussions that are central to our professional agenda are happening at the Council table. The NMC is not responsible for recruitment of professionals to the register – the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) has a code of practice for international recruitment to make sure employers recruit ethically.
Source: Foster S. British Journal of Nursing 2023; 32(9):453

Just culture development and patient safety in the NHS
Abstract: Over a working lifetime, most people probably spend more time at work than they do with their families at home. In the employment context, we talk about relationships and the need to maintain them. Some view their colleagues at work as a family, where a breakdown of relationships can take a huge emotional and physical toll on the employee.
Source: Tingle J. British Journal of Nursing 2023; 32(9):448-449

The leadership role and development for the registered nursing associate
Abstract: A significant factor affecting what happens within the workplace is culture. ‘It's the way we do things round here’ is often how people will describe organisational culture. Warrick (2017) likened culture to precious treasures, saying that culture can be an organisation's greatest treasure (asset) and, therefore, it needs to be cared for and nurtured. The role of a leader and their impact on the organisation's culture is one that is widely acknowledged.
Source: Rixon J. British Journal of Nursing 2023; 32(10):484-485

The NMC register: 1 April 2022 – 31 March 2023
Abstract: The number of nurses, midwives and nursing associates registered to practise in the UK has grown to a record total of 788,638. The number of people leaving the professions fell slightly last year to just under 27,000. However, there are concerns about future retention of staff, with 52 percent of professionals who left the register saying they did so earlier than planned.
Source: Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC); 2023 [Freely available online]

Nursing and midwifery national job profile review - evidence report
Abstract: Following a request by the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) and the Royal College of Midwives (RCM), the NHS Staff Council’s Job Evaluation Group undertook a review of the national job profiles for nursing and midwifery. The aim of this review is to ensure that these profiles reflect current nursing and midwifery practice and are fit for purpose in all health and care settings. This report is the output from the evidence-gathering stage of the review project.
Source: NHS Staff Council; 2023 [Freely available online]

Navigating cultural competence in district nursing
Abstract: This article aims to provide an outline of key areas for exploration in cultural competence. It will highlight communication, pain, end of life, nutrition and health disparities to consider barriers and challenges for district nursing practice.
Source: Reeve L. British Journal of Community Nursing 2023; 28(7):338-343

The pandemic has ended….
Abstract: While's Words: reflection on WHO's declaration that COVID-19 no longer represents a public health emergency of international concern.
Source: While A. British Journal of Community Nursing 2023; 28(7):318-319

Raising and Escalating Concerns: A guide for nurses, nursing associates, students and health care support workers
Abstract: This resource, aimed at NHS and independent sector nursing staff and student nurses, will support you to raise concerns wherever you work. It includes a decision making flowchart to help staff and students decide whether to raise a concern and when to escalate a concern.
Source: Royal College of Nursing (RCN); 2023 [Freely available online]

Exploring the contribution and impact of master’s education for leadership development in adult general nursing: a scoping review
Abstract: The aim of this scoping review was to explore the evidence relating to master’s education for leadership development in adult/general nurses not in advanced practice or leadership roles and its impact on practice. The importance of effective, clinical leadership in nursing and health care, has been highlighted following failings reported by Public Inquiries both nationally and internationally. While initiatives have been implemented, the provision of safe, quality care remains problematic.
Source: Carson O. Nurse Education in Practice 2023; 71:103697

Valuing the emotions of leadership learning experience in nursing education
Abstract: This paper argues that a greater understanding of the role of emotions in experiencing leadership, the impact of role models and cultures of the workplace and profession, may enable further development for effective leadership development at undergraduate level and beyond. Leadership has gained prominence as a necessary skill in nursing literature and policy, linking its importance to patient safety, working cultures, resilience and emotional labour globally.
Source: James AH. Nurse Education in Practice 2023; 71:103716

Overcoming the nursing workforce crisis in Europe to improve care for people with non-communicable diseases
Abstract: Throughout Europe, poor working conditions and high workloads (Dall'Ora et al, 2020), low pay (OECD and European Union, 2022) and a lack of career opportunities (RCN, 2023) are contributing to high numbers of nurses quitting or considering quitting the profession. A 2020 review of UK working conditions found that public sector nurses had higher levels of stress, greater pressure from staff shortages and double the number of sickness days of those working in the private sector.
Source: Racoviță M. British Journal of Nursing 2023; 32(14):698

Nurse mentors' experiences with suitability assessments in clinical placement: a qualitative study
Abstract: It is the schools’ responsibility to assess students, but mentors play an important role when students are in clinical placements. Clinical placements are typical arenas for assessing suitability. This study aims to explore mentors’ experiences with assessing the suitability of nursing students in clinical placements in a context where suitability assessment is required by law.
Source: Natterøy C. Nurse Education in Practice 2023; 72:103755
Contact the library for a copy of this article

Managing the healthcare support worker workforce post pandemic: the organisational perspective. Part 1/2
Abstract: This article discusses the importance of the HCSW workforce and the continued HCSW contribution to the delivery of high-quality care, which has combined with a growing recognition of the role as a stepping-stone into registered nursing and, therefore, a means of addressing broader recruitment challenges.
Source: Women in Global Health. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 2023; 17(1): 020–025

Can a simulated window improve the ward environment? A survey of patient, carer and staff perspectives
Abstract: The simulated window was generally viewed positively or neutrally across participant groups, with feedback noting improvements to the technology that would lead to a better experience.
Source: Kawanishi H. British Journal of Healthcare Management 2023; 29(9):252-259

Raising the profile of nurse leadership
Abstract: It is undeniable that being a nurse leader is a role that requires complex skills. I have been reflecting this month, following the recent media reports of significant patient harm, which have been frequently linked to criticism of nursing leadership. This does raise questions regarding what our profession and wider teams need to consider to support those in nursing leadership roles, as well as how we support and encourage aspiring nurse leaders to realise their potential and make a difference.
Source: Foster S. British Journal of Nursing 2023; 32(17):857

Managing the healthcare support worker workforce post-pandemic: the organisational perspective Part 2/2
Abstract: The second of two-parts, this article discusses the importance of the HCSW workforce and the continued HCSW contribution to the delivery of high-quality care, which has combined with a growing recognition of the role as a stepping-stone into registered nursing and, therefore, a means of addressing broader recruitment challenges.
Source: Kessler I. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 2023; 17(9):326–332

Managing the long-term effects of COVID-19: implications for community nurses
Abstract: The dual impact of supporting those with long COVID in communities, alongside the impact of the pandemic on the workforce is challenging. This is particularly so when pent up demand and fiscal constraints on the NHS and social care exist. The community nursing voice needs to be heard at this critical time as people, families and the health and social care workforce deal with the ongoing impact of an unprecedented pandemic and its legacy.
Source: Kennedy C. British Journal of Community Nursing 2023; 28(10):473

Costs and cost-effectiveness of improved nurse staffing levels and skill mix in acute hospitals: A systematic review
Abstract: Although more evidence on cost-effectiveness is still needed, increases in absolute or relative numbers of registered nurses in general medical and surgical wards have the potential to be highly cost-effective. The preponderance of the evidence suggests that increasing the proportion of registered nurses is associated with improved outcomes and, potentially, reduced net cost.
Source: Griffiths P. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2023; 147:104601

How far I've come: reflecting on my progress after 6 months in the role
Abstract: In her series on the early steps of a newly qualified nurse, Heather George, Critical Care Staff Nurse, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary (heather.george2@nhs.scot), considers how experience is improving her confidence.
Source: George H. British Journal of Nursing 2023; 32(10): 490

Summer reflections and a personal tribute
Abstract: The summer months can be a time for many of us to take a professional breath and reflect on the first half of the year: accomplishments, challenges and the way forward. The schedule of life has never been so full and the world of tissue viability is having an extraordinary year. Whatever your forte, skin health and wound care issues have been at the forefront of nursing practice this year, pioneering innovation, collaboration and campaigns.
Source: Geraghty J. British Journal of Nursing 2023; 32(15): S4

Nursing Bulletin: Spring 2023

Introducing key papers and publications that focus mainly on the latest news and issues in the nursing profession.

The British Journal of Nursing, Nursing Times, British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, Journal of Perioperative Practice and the British Journal of Midwifery are all either available in print within the library or online via your OpenAthens username and password. 

Please click on the links below and enter your OpenAthens username and password to download the full text or contact the library at esth.hirsonlibrary@nhs.net  to request the full text.

Combatting racial discrimination against minority ethnic nurses, midwives and nursing associates
Abstract: This document provides practical examples of how, as nursing and midwifery professionals, you can recognise, and challenge racial discrimination, harassment, and abuse. It also highlights other useful resources and training materials that will support you to care with confidence.
Source: NHS England; 2022 [Freely available online]

Ambitious for change: phase two report
Abstract: The second phase provided clear evidence to show that professionals with certain diversity characteristics experience NMC processes differently. We’re developing actions to help address these issues, which we’ll take forward as part of our EDI plan.
Source: Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC); 2022 [Freely available online]

The experiences of mature nursing students: achievements against the odds
Abstract: The abolition of the student bursary for nurse education in 2017 led to a decrease of 15.2% in mature nursing students (Office for Students, 2019). Before this, the average age of a student nurse at entry was 29. Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) figures indicate that the number of applicants to nursing courses over the age of 20 has dropped by 40% (UCAS, 2019). This problem exists alongside the national shortage of nurses.
Source: Leader C. British Journal of Nursing 2022; 31(20): 1063-1065

Research skills in practice
Abstract: Facilitating the conceptual leap for student midwives towards embedding evidence-based practice and research in midwifery. Educators need to facilitate evidence-based practice and research learning in such a way that newly qualified midwives continue with evidence-based practice post-registration, gaining confidence to implement best available evidence, becoming role models for evidence-based practice and research.
Source: Folliard K. British Journal of Midwifery 2022; 30(8): 426-427

The impact of hospital design on patients and staff
Abstract: Good hospital design should not be an afterthought, a lovely and surprising bonus, or something only for new spaces that, over time through poor future planning and lack of finances, degrade to meet the poor standards of the NHS estate; it should be a basic requirement. Every day I see staff and patients frustrated by the physical space in which health care is carried out. They are frustrated by a lack of appropriate space, bad artificial lighting and confusing signage.
Source: Inniss R. British Journal of Nursing 2022; 31(21): 1078

The potential benefits of legacy mentoring for newly qualified nurses [Editorial]
Abstract: The growing shortage of nursing staff is of increasing concern for healthcare organisations. The nursing workforce is depleted by issues such as high turnover, stress, and burnout (Wissemann et al., 2022). Health care organisations are currently committed to address the difficulties associated with the retention of newly qualified nurses, which is an increasingly pressing issue.
Source: Wray J. Nurse Education in Practice 2022; 66: 103511

Labour induction and ethnicity
Abstract: Ethnicity has been shown to be linked with a lower rate of labour induction, but differences in care, including evidence of mistreatment for women from ethnic minorities can complicate policies and plans for providing midwifery care. Ethnicity can influence perinatal and obstetric outcomes; gestational time is shorter in black and Asian women compared with white European women and racial and ethnic disparities in caesarean section rates also exist.
Source: Winter G. British Journal of Midwifery 2022; 30(10): 597-598

Migrant women and mental health
Abstract: The need for midwives involved in caring for migrant women to develop knowledge, skills and attitudes to provide perinatal mental healthcare in culturally responsive ways. Cultural humility encourages openness, empathy and respect for cultural differences and the use of the 5Rs framework to develop this is explored.
Source: Markey K. British Journal of Midwifery 2022; 30(10): 592-595

Training on cultural competency for perinatal mental health peer supporters
Abstract: Research into the effectiveness of a training package for peer supporters combining perinatal mental health and the impact of migration to enable better support for women from ethnic minorities with perinatal mental ill health. The project brought together charity organisation, Light Pre and Postnatal Support and Sheffield Hallam University.
Source: Marvin-Dowle K. British Journal of Midwifery 2022; 30(12): 668-676

Culture and breastfeeding support
Abstract: The impact of culture on breastfeeding, and the importance of cultural competence amongst health professionals. Health professionals should also acknowledge the historical context in which certain feeding practices and choices could be rooted, and it is noted some cultural and religious practices are known to discourage exclusive breastfeeding.
Source: Guttierez V. British Journal of Midwifery 2022; 30(12): 713-715

Investing in Patient Safety and Outcomes
Abstract: Addressing workforce shortages and ensuring that there are the right numbers of registered nurses and nursing staff with the right skills in the right place at the right time is vital to ensure everyone can access safe and effective health and care services. This report highlights how successive UK governments have failed to tackle the nursing workforce crisis and presents solutions for sustainable nursing recruitment and retention.
Source: Royal College of Nursing (RCN); 2022 [Freely available online]

Good nursing teamwork reduces fatigue but cannot offset the strain of excessive workloads
Abstract: Efforts to improve teamworking may lead to reduced long-term fatigue in staff. However, careful attention to the size of workloads remains an essential part of managing staff well-being. Further studies could determine whether the quality of teamwork predicts fatigue prospectively. Interventions that target improved teamworking, such as simulation training with a focus on team communication, could usefully be evaluated with regard to impact on staff fatigue and resilience.
Source: Colville G. Evidence-Based Nursing 2023; 26(1): 33

Preparing nurse educators for NMC standards for student supervision and assessment: the impact 4 years on
Abstract: Four years on from its launch in 2018 (at the time of writing), the authors provide an up-to-date efficacy assessment of the ongoing implementation of the Nursing and Midwifery Council's Future Nurse: Standards of Proficiency for Registered Nurses. Although these standards have comprehensively transformed the mentorship practices of nursing education courses within higher education, this article provides the first attempt to gauge and synthesise attitudes towards their implementation.
Source: Whaley V. British Journal of Nursing 2023; 32(3): 130-135

Supporting international colleagues
Abstract: The NHS People Plan and the NHS Long Term Plan described the ethical recruitment of internationally educated nurses (IENs) as an important part of the workforce supply strategy of NHS organisations for the next 10 years. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2022) reported that, overall, the number of nursing professionals on the register increased by more than 13 000 between April and September 2022 to a record 771 445. This growth was driven largely by nurses trained outside the UK.
Source: Foster S. British Journal of Nursing 2023; 32(3): 159

Keeping our patients safe
Abstract: Patient safety is the driver that is threaded through all of the current Royal College of Nursing (RCN) communications, and its requests to the UK government to commence discussions concerning nursing pay.
Source: Sam Foster. British Journal of Nursing 2023; 32(2): 91

Health inequalities in later life
Abstract: Various recent events have heightened awareness of potential discrimination as the cause of unfair and unequal treatment within the UK, The challenge for community nurses and other healthcare professionals is to make a meaningful impact in the existing health inequalities and health disparities through recognising health need both in their clients and wider family groups and offering appropriate interventions.
Source: While A. British Journal of Community Nursing 2023; 28(3): 112-114

Her stories: ending sexual exploitation, abuse and harassment (SEAH) of women health workers
Abstract: Women, as 70% of health workers globally (Boniol et al, 2019), were widely applauded for the exceptional contribution they made to health service delivery and saving lives during the pandemic. Yet behind the apparent respect paid to the women who deliver health services to around 5 billion people globally, is a dark story that often remains untold—significant numbers of women health workers experience violence and harassment in the course of their work.
Source: Women in Global Health. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 2023; 17(1): 020–025

How did we get here? Explaining the persistent barriers NHS clinical support workers can face in England
Abstract: NHS clinical support workers have long experienced a range of barriers to their effective deployment and development. These include a lack of standardised entry requirements, inconsistent task deployment and truncated career progression pathways. This article suggests that a deeper reason is the existence of a segmented labour market in the NHS, with support workers existing in a secondary market. Recent NHS support workforce strategies present an opportunity to finally address these issues.
Source: Griffin R. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 2023; 17(1): 012–019

Valuing Nursing in the UK
Abstract: Despite public support for the nursing profession, governments across the UK are failing to value and support nursing staff. Nursing staff feel undervalued and unsafe, causing an alarming number to leave the profession altogether. This report presents a range of factors which impact retention, as well as recommendations for action to bring widespread benefits for the workforce, and for safe and effective care.
Source: Royal College of Nursing (RCN); 2023 [Freely available online]

Job demands at the patient's bedside and their effects on stress and satisfaction of nurses
Abstract: The study provides evidence that rates of burn-out and stress do not differ based on the work area of nurses. Because job demands at the patient's bed correlated with all outcomes, measures to improve this specific workspace are sensible.
Source: Wenderott K. BMJ Open Quality 2023; 12(1): e002025

Impact of Staffing Levels on Safe and Effective Patient Care
Abstract: This evidence review was commissioned to support policy influencing and to point RCN staff and members towards the latest evidence on staffing for safe and effective care. A previous evidence review was completed to support the RCN’s Staffing for Safe and Effective Care (2019) report, with this current evidence review bringing that up to date.
Source: Royal College of Nursing (RCN); 2023 [Freely available online]

From clinical to corporate: opportunities for nurses away from the bedside
Abstract: Knowledge of employment possibilities within the public, private and non-profit sectors can be elusive to the nursing community, with much onus being placed on career opportunities within the NHS. Traditionally, the role of the nurse has been perceived to be by the beside but, as the healthcare industry and policy landscape expands, nurses are becoming a valuable asset due to their knowledge of healthcare infrastructure and patient experience.
Source: Evans L. British Journal of Nursing 2023; 32(6): 306-308

How to become a compassionate leader
Abstract: While numerous critical pay negotiations continue between the Government and trade unions, several colleagues have reinforced to me the message that the ‘conditions’ element of ‘pay and conditions’ is a significant driver in how likely we are to remain in our roles, how enabled we are to deliver our roles and how this benefits others.
Source: Foster S. British Journal of Nursing 2023; 32(6): 313

The experience of nurses participating in peer group supervision: a qualitative systematic review
Abstract: This systematic review will identify, appraise, and synthesise the best available qualitative studies exploring nurses’ experiences of peer group supervision. The review purpose draws from the synthesised evidence recommendations to enhance policy and implementation of peer group supervision in practice.
Source: Tulleners T. Nurse Education in Practice 2023; 69: 103606
Contact the library for a copy of this article

Newly qualified graduate nurses’ experiences of workplace incivility in healthcare settings: an integrative review
Abstract: This study aimed to explore, identify and integrate the existing knowledge to categorise the characteristics, likelihood, and consequences of workplace incivility among newly qualified graduate registered nurses. A particular focus of this review is on the experiences of new nurses related to these negative workplace behaviours and the strategies employed by these nurses and their organisations to manage workplace incivility.
Source: Mammen B. Nurse Education in Practice 2023; 69: 103611
Contact the library for a copy of this article

Choosing midwifery − the perceptions and experiences of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic applicants to midwifery programmes: a mixed methods study
Abstract: This study aimed to explore recruitment to UK midwifery programmes from the perspective of applicants from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups and describe the perceptions and experiences of the application process for these applicants and those from white backgrounds.
Source: Okiki C. Nurse Education in Practice 2023; 69: 103626

Introduction of the professional nurse advocate role using a quality implementation framework
Abstract: Implementation of the professional nurse advocate (PNA) role and the Advocating and Educating for QUality ImProvement model (A-EQUIP) in nursing is relatively new. The model aims to build personal and professional resilience, enhance the quality of care and support preparedness for appraisal and professional revalidation. AIM: To describe the implementation of the PNA role in a combined acute and community trust in England.
Source: Smythe A. British Journal of Nursing 2023; 32(8): 378-383

Nurse staffing and inpatient mortality in the English National Health Service: a retrospective longitudinal study
Abstract: RN staffing and seniority levels were associated with patient mortality. The lack of association for HCSWs and agency nurses indicates they are not effective substitutes for RNs who regularly work on the ward.
Source: Zaranko B. BMJ Quality & Safety 2023; 32(5): 254-263

Nurse staffing and patient safety in acute hospitals: Cassandra calls again? [Editorial]
Abstract: The risk of adverse patient outcomes, including death, is lower in hospitals that provide more registered nurses to care for patients on inpatient wards. The association has been demonstrated in a body of evidence comprising several hundred studies, involving hundreds of hospitals and millions of patients from around the world.
Source: Griffiths P. BMJ Quality & Safety 2023; 32(5): 241-243

Nursing Bulletin: Autumn 2022

Introducing key papers and publications that focus mainly on the latest news and issues in the nursing profession. 

The British Journal of Nursing, Nursing Times, British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, Journal of Perioperative Practice and the British Journal of Midwifery are all either available in print within the library or online via your OpenAthens username and password.   
 
Please click on the links below and enter your OpenAthens username and password to download the full text or contact the library at esth.hirsonlibrary@nhs.net  to request the full text. 

Collaboration between universities and nursing placement providers is essential to ensure the well-being of the future nursing workforce 
Abstract: Implications for practice and research:  
Joint initiatives between educational settings and placement providers are required to promote student nurse well-being. Future research must ensure rigorous study design with planned long-term follow-up, to support the development of a robust body of evidence. 
Source: Evidence-Based Nursing 2022; 25(3): 92 
 
Predictors of nursing staff’s mental health and the effect of social support on preventing the impact of workplace bullying on mental health 
Abstract: Implications for practice and research:  
The hospital managers/leaders could decrease workplace bullying by implementing an educational programme, increasing social support and changing the organisational policies. Future research can assess the effect of external control personality to evaluate workplace bullying. 
Source: Evidence-Based Nursing 2022; 25(3): 98 
 
Poor leaders feed on illusory insecurity 
Abstract: Although I believe that it is important to consider the evidence base of what great leadership looks like, I think that it is equally important to learn from the negative impact of poor leadership. A powerful quote that made me reflect on workplace culture recently came from Robson (2017). She cited US author Tim Ferriss, who stated that, as a teenager, he was advised: ‘You are the average of the five people you most associate with.’ 
Source: British Journal of Nursing 2022; 31(14): 761 
 
When is criticism constructive? 
Abstract: The giving and taking of constructive criticism are integral components of continuing professional development for Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) registrants. Petress (2000) defined constructive criticism as judgemental feedback given to help its receivers view their professional performance through the eyes of others. 
Source: British Journal of Nursing 2022; 31(14): 730 
 
Ambitious for change: Research into NMC processes and people's diversity characteristics 
Abstract: This report outlines the findings from research into why some professionals have different experiences of NMC's processes. The report aims to understand why these differences exist and the impact they have on the workforce. The findings highlight opportunities to improve regulatory activities and ensure processes are fair. They also draw attention to how inequalities that cut across the health and social care sector and exist in wider society are contributing to the disparities. 
Source: Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC); 2022 [Freely available online] 
 
Beyond black and white: an inclusive reciprocal mentoring model to promote diversity, engagement and understanding 
Abstract: The NHS is the largest employer of Black, Asian and minority ethnic staff in the UK. However, 15% of staff from these ethnic backgrounds have reported experiencing discrimination at work. This article explores how a programme based on reciprocal mentoring could be an effective means of creating a more inclusive NHS culture, with discussion of a pilot reciprocal mentoring programme that was implemented at Chelsea and Westminster Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust from September 2020 to May 2021. 
Source: British Journal of Healthcare Management 2022; 28(8): 1-5 
 
Multiprofessional workplace learning in advanced practice 
Abstract: Embedding interprofessional education and collaborative practice (IPECP) is a priority in academia and healthcare practice settings globally (Barr et al, 2017). IPECP has been further endorsed by professional and regulatory bodies, for example, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society's (2021) A Competency Framework for all Prescribers has been adopted by professional regulatory bodies including the Nursing and Midwifery Council. 
Source: British Journal of Nursing 2022; 31(15): 768 
 
Students' experience of the challenges of using assertive communication 
Abstract: Assertive communication is a skill that many nurses, particularly nursing students, find challenging. This article describes the findings of phenomenological study that set out to explore third-year student nurses' experiences of using assertive communication in the clinical setting. A narrative enquiry approach reviewed six reflective written accounts of their experiences. In addition, seven students took part in an in-depth semi-structured group discussion of their clinical experiences. 
Source: British Journal of Nursing 2022; 31(15): 790-798 
 
An exploration of undergraduate nursing students' experiences of mentorship in an Irish hospital 
Abstract: Mentorship is the support model of choice for nursing practice in Ireland and although it follows a similar approach to that provided thus far in the UK, there is little available evidence about the students' lived experience of mentorship and the extent to which it facilitates their development. This study aimed to explore undergraduate nursing students' experiences of mentorship in hospital. 
Source: British Journal of Nursing 2022; 31(15): 812-817 
 
Nurses' recognition and response to unsafe practice by their peers: A qualitative descriptive analysis 
Abstract: Unsafe practice is an important issue for the nursing profession however few studies have sought to identify how nurses recognise and respond to unsafe practice. This study aimed to identify the behaviours and cues that registered nurses recognise as indications of unsafe practice, perceived factors that contribute to unsafe practice and action nurses take in response. 
Source: Nurse Education in Practice 2022; 63: 103387 
Contact the library for a copy of this article 
 
A new opportunity for midwives 
Abstract: The NHS Regional clinical leadership fellow scheme is an ideal opportunity for midwives who are looking to develop their careers and build their leadership skills and experience. Three midwives share their experience of being part of the first cohort and what benefits it offers to the profession. 
Source: British Journal of Midwifery 2022; 30(5): 297-298 
 
Coaching and mentoring skills: a complement to the professional midwifery advocate role 
Abstract: In March 2021, the A-EQUIP professional midwifery advocate model was adopted and has been critical in supporting midwives during the pandemic recovery process. The author offers a personal reflection on how additional coaching skills which she acquired complemented the professional midwifery advocate role and made a positive impact on student midwives and midwives who have accessed the service. 
Source: British Journal of Midwifery 2022; 30(5): 290-296 
 
How many practice hours are required to become a registered nurse? 
Abstract: Globally, the number of nurse vacancies is high, and there has been much scrutiny of the preparation of the nursing workforce. The World Health Organization (2020) has called for an acceleration of nurse education to meet future demands. In the UK, nursing is at a critical juncture. Post-pandemic attrition rates are high and, despite ambitious government targets, recruitment is unable to meet demand. 
Source:  British Journal of Nursing 2022; 31(17): 908-909 
 
An audit of sharps injuries in clinical skills simulation wards at a UK university 
Abstract: This audit identified that nursing students are at the highest risk of both sharps injuries and general injuries across three university clinical skills simulation wards, followed by medical students. Sharps injuries can have a substantial psychological impact on students, so injury prevention strategies are imperative. These strategies should link to adherence to health and safety policies and procedures in relation to the safe use of sharps. 
Source: British Journal of Healthcare Management 2022; 28(9): 253-259 
 
Peak leaving? A spotlight on nurse leaver rates in the UK 
Abstract: Nursing is the single largest profession in the NHS, but it suffers from substantial staffing shortages. This analysis reflects on the rate at which the health service is losing nurses, and considers the reasons why.  
Source: Nuffield Trust; 2022 [Freely available online] 
 
Whistleblowing disclosures report 2022 
Abstract: This report is part of a co-ordinated effort with seven other regulators to address serious issues that health and care professionals in the UK have raised. The most common themes of the disclosures this year related to patient safety and care, leadership and management, health and safety, and behaviour. 
Source: Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC); 2022 [Freely available online] 
 
Bullying, incivility and disrespect 
Abstract: Bullying and harassment are a significant concern in the NHS. There is a culture of staff bullying in many parts of our NHS, and HCAs and APs are by no means immune to this. The impact of bullying can be felt far and wide, it has the real potential to change people's lives. 
Source: British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 2022; 16(9): 392-396 
 
Clinical supervision 
Abstract: Many of you will be working in healthcare organisations where clinical supervision has or is being established on a mandatory or voluntary basis. The purpose of this article is to explain what is meant by clinical supervision, to consider the various ways clinical supervision can be delivered, and the roles and responsibilities of the supervisor and the supervisee. 
Source: British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 2022; 16(9): 404-410 
 
Belongingness in undergraduate/pre-licensure nursing students in the clinical learning environment: A scoping review 
Abstract: The aim of this scoping review was to map the literature investigating belongingness in undergraduate/pre-licensure nursing students in the clinical learning environment. The concept of belongingness, which encompasses feelings of acceptance, connection and value alignment, has been tied to positive outcomes in undergraduate/pre-licensure nursing students including increased learning, participation, confidence and professional socialization. 
Source: Nurse Education in Practice 2022; 64: 103422 
Contact the library for a copy of this article 
 
National preceptorship framework for nursing 
Abstract: This publication sets national standards for preceptorship for nurses and establishes a framework for good practice that can be adopted across all regions in England. 
Source: NHS England; 2022 [Freely available online]